Chapter 12. File systems and storage

The Btrfs file system has been removed in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. This includes the following components:

You can no longer create, mount, or install on Btrfs file systems in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. The Anaconda installer and the Kickstart commands no longer support Btrfs.

The XFS file system supports shared copy-on-write data extent functionality. This feature enables two or more files to share a common set of data blocks. When either of the files sharing common blocks changes, XFS breaks the link to common blocks and creates a new file. This is similar to the copy-on-write (COW) functionality found in other file systems.

Shared copy-on-write data extents are:

Userspace utilities can use shared copy-on-write data extents for:

This functionality is also used by kernel subsystems such as Overlayfs and NFS for more efficient operation.

Shared copy-on-write data extents are now enabled by default when creating an XFS file system, starting with the xfsprogs package version 4.17.0-2.el8.

Note that Direct Access (DAX) devices currently do not support XFS with shared copy-on-write data extents. To create an XFS file system without this feature, use the following command:

# mkfs.xfs -m reflink=0 block-device

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 can mount XFS file systems with shared copy-on-write data extents only in the read-only mode.

With this update, ext4 metadata is protected by checksums. This enables the file system to recognize the corrupt metadata, which avoids damage and increases the file system resilience.

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.0, the NFS configuration has moved from the /etc/sysconfig/nfs configuration file, which was used in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, to /etc/nfs.conf.

The /etc/nfs.conf file uses a different syntax. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 attempts to automatically convert all options from /etc/sysconfig/nfs to /etc/nfs.conf when upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

Both configuration files are supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat recommends that you use the new /etc/nfs.conf file to make NFS configuration in all versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux compatible with automated configuration systems.

Additionally, the following NFS service aliases have been removed and replaced by their upstream names:

BOOM is a boot manager for Linux systems that use boot loaders supporting the BootLoader Specification for boot entry configuration. It enables flexible boot configuration and simplifies the creation of new or modified boot entries: for example, to boot snapshot images of the system created using LVM.

BOOM does not modify the existing boot loader configuration, and only inserts additional entries. The existing configuration is maintained, and any distribution integration, such as kernel installation and update scripts, continue to function as before.

BOOM has a simplified command-line interface (CLI) and API that ease the task of creating boot entries.

Stratis is a new local storage manager. It provides managed file systems on top of pools of storage with additional features to the user.

Stratis enables you to more easily perform storage tasks such as:

To administer Stratis storage, use the stratis utility, which communicates with the stratisd background service.

Stratis is provided as a Technology Preview.

For more information, see the Stratis documentation: Setting up Stratis file systems.

In RHEL 8, the LUKS version 2 (LUKS2) format replaces the legacy LUKS (LUKS1) format. The dm-crypt subsystem and the cryptsetup tool now uses LUKS2 as the default format for encrypted volumes. LUKS2 provides encrypted volumes with metadata redundancy and auto-recovery in case of a partial metadata corruption event.

Due to the internal flexible layout, LUKS2 is also an enabler of future features. It supports auto-unlocking through the generic kernel-keyring token built in libcryptsetup that allow users unlocking of LUKS2 volumes using a passphrase stored in the kernel-keyring retention service.

Other notable enhancements include:

For more details, see the cryptsetup(8) and cryptsetup-reencrypt(8) man pages.

Block devices now use multiqueue scheduling in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. This enables the block layer performance to scale well with fast solid-state drives (SSDs) and multi-core systems.

The SCSI Multiqueue (scsi-mq) driver is now enabled by default, and the kernel boots with the scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y option. This change is consistent with the upstream Linux kernel.

Device Mapper Multipath (DM Multipath) requires the scsi-mq driver to be active.

Virtual Data Optimizer (VDO) is now available on all of the architectures supported by RHEL 8.

The read cache functionality has been removed from Virtual Data Optimizer (VDO). The read cache is always disabled on VDO volumes, and you can no longer enable it using the --readCache option of the vdo utility.

Red Hat might reintroduce the VDO read cache in a later Red Hat Enterprise Linux release, using a different implementation.

The dmraid package has been removed from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Users requiring support for combined hardware and software RAID host bus adapters (HBA) should use the mdadm utility, which supports native MD software RAID, the SNIA RAID Common Disk Data Format (DDF), and the Intel® Matrix Storage Manager (IMSM) formats.

For more information, see FCoE software removal.

The multipathd service now supports improved detection of marginal paths. This helps multipath devices avoid paths that are likely to fail repeatedly, and improves performance. Marginal paths are paths with persistent but intermittent I/O errors.

The following options in the /etc/multipath.conf file control marginal paths behavior:

DM Multipath disables a path and tests it with repeated I/O for the configured sample time if:

If the path has more than the configured err rate during this testing, DM Multipath ignores it for the configured gap time, and then retests it to see if it is working well enough to be reinstated.

For more information, see the multipath.conf man page on your system.

The /etc/multipath.conf file now includes an overrides section that allows you to set a configuration value for all of your devices. These attributes are used by DM Multipath for all devices unless they are overwritten by the attributes specified in the multipaths section of the /etc/multipath.conf file for paths that contain the device. This functionality replaces the all_devs parameter of the devices section of the configuration file, which is no longer supported.

The NVMe over Fibre Channel (NVMe/FC) transport type is now fully supported in Initiator mode when used with Broadcom Emulex and Marvell Qlogic Fibre Channel 32Gbit adapters that feature NVMe support.

NVMe over Fibre Channel is an additional fabric transport type for the Nonvolatile Memory Express (NVMe) protocol, in addition to the Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) protocol that was previously introduced in Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Enabling NVMe/FC:

Additional restrictions:

DIF/DIX is an addition to the SCSI Standard. It remains in Technology Preview for all HBAs and storage arrays, except for those specifically listed as supported.

DIF/DIX increases the size of the commonly used 512 byte disk block from 512 to 520 bytes, adding the Data Integrity Field (DIF). The DIF stores a checksum value for the data block that is calculated by the Host Bus Adapter (HBA) when a write occurs. The storage device then confirms the checksum on receipt, and stores both the data and the checksum. Conversely, when a read occurs, the checksum can be verified by the storage device, and by the receiving HBA.

The libstoragemgmt-netapp-plugin package used by the libStorageMgmt library has been removed. It is no longer supported because:

Cylinder-Head-Sector (CHS) addressing is no longer useful for modern storage devices. It has been removed as an option from the sfdisk and cfdisk commands. Since RHEL 8, you cannot use the following options:

For more information, see the sfdisk(8) and cfdisk(8) man pages.

LVM no longer uses clvmd (cluster lvm daemon) for managing shared storage devices. Instead, LVM now uses lvmlockd (lvm lock daemon).

LVM no longer uses the lvmetad daemon for caching metadata, and will always read metadata from disk. LVM disk reading has been reduced, which reduces the benefits of caching.

Previously, autoactivation of logical volumes was indirectly tied to the use_lvmetad setting in the lvm.conf configuration file. The correct way to disable autoactivation continues to be setting auto_activation_volume_list in the lvm.conf file.

LVM can no longer manage devices formatted with the GFS pool volume manager or the`lvm1` metadata format. if you created your logical volume before Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 was introduced, then this may affect you. Volume groups using the lvm1 format should be converted to the lvm2 format using the vgconvert command.

The lvm2app library and LVM Python bindings, which were provided by the lvm2-python-libs package, have been removed. Red Hat recommends the following solutions instead:

You must port any applications using the removed libraries and bindings to the D-Bus API before upgrading to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

The mirrored log feature of mirrored LVM volumes has been removed. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 no longer supports creating or activating LVM volumes with a mirrored mirror log.

The recommended replacements are: